What are the materials used for sustainable packaging?
Due to
pandemic, everyone has preferred to get the food from outside. The commercial
food requires packaging which is strong and environment friendly. Along with
the basic functions, packaging also provides the information regarding the
ingredients added, nutritional profile, details regarding manufacturer and
other additional requirements for the product like method of usage,
storage, etc., With advancement in technology, the packaging
also includes functions of intelligent technologies like product traceability,
convenience, product recall, quality indicator of the product and tamper
indication. The goal of the food packaging is extending to provide cost-
effective solution for suitable industry and consumer requirements to maintain
food safety and minimize negative environmental impact.
Market size of food packaging industry
The food packaging industry market was valued at USD 301.3 billion in
2020 and is expected to reach USD 411 billion by 2026, at a CAGR of 5.5% over
the forecast period 2021 – 2026. The changes in the lifestyle of the people and
changing food preferences of consumers, along with the increasing population in
developing nations are the driving forces for the growth of the market in the
forecasted period. The growing preference of consumers for processed food due
to surge in working population, rise in disposable incomes, and lifestyle to
shifts in population dynamics from rural to urban areas, is also driving the
food packaging market. New packaging technologies, such as active packaging, intelligent
packaging, and engineering science, have evolved over the years which enable
flexible packaging of food products. Companies are adopting eco-friendly
packaging by using biodegradable, edible and sustainable
packaging material which can be recycled, renewed, and reused.
Bakery industry is the dominating segment of food industry with the
global market size of USD 331.37 billion in the year 2020. It is further
expected to grow at CAGR of 4.6 % between 2021 and 2026 to reach a value of
approximately USD 436.91 billion by 2026. With a huge potential in production
and marketing of bakery products, packaging of bakery products is also
increasing commercially with respect to increased shelf life, convenience for
products.
Sustainable packaging for bakery products
Sustainability in packaging industry is in conjunction with the higher
environmental standards with requirements of economic system for transport,
distribution and protection of products throughout the supply chain.
Conventionally bakery products are packed in polyethylene (PE), low
density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), biaxially oriented
polypropylene (BOPP), ethyl vinyl alcohol (EVOH) or laminate pouches for
commercial application to increase the shelf life of the product by preventing
contamination, reduction in moisture and oxygen transfer rate. However, it can
be replaced with biodegradable or edible packaging material with similar
functions.
Edible packaging material
Edible coating and films have received considerable attention for
apparent advantages over synthetic films. Materials used for edible packaging
for bakery products include polysaccharide, lipid, protein based and their
composites from different sources. The major advantage of edible packaging
material over conventional synthetic materials is that it can be consumed along
with the product, environmental friendly and increases the shelf life of
products.
Natural polymers as packaging material
Natural polymers derived from various plant and animal sources such as banana
fibre, fungal mycelium, cellulose, seaweed coconut husk, shrimp shells can be
utilized in the manufacture of films for flexible packaging of several bakery
products like bread, bun, muffins.
Biodegradable
packaging material
Biopolymers are polymers
that are created from organic and plant-based materials. They are being
developed by various companies and laboratories across the globe. These
miraculous materials will likely be the building blocks of the packaging
supplies of the future.
Bioplastics
Bioplastics are
made wholly or in part from renewable biomass sources such as sugarcane and
corn, or from microbe such as yeast. Some bioplastics are biodegradable or even
compostable under the right conditions. Bioplastics made from renewable resources
can be naturally recycled by biological processes, thus limiting the use of
fossil fuels and protecting the environment.
Conclusion
Packaging
industry is creating huge quantity of waste after being utilized for the
specific products. Hence, there is requirement for attaining sustainability in
the packaging industry. Bakery industry is one of the largest contributors for
packaging waste generation. Adoption of sustainable techniques of reusing,
recycling enhances the contribution towards sustainable goal development.
This research is
by - Senior Research Fellow, ICAR- NDRI, SRS,
Bengaluru
Ph.D. Scholar,
ICAR- NDRI, SRS, Bengaluru
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